Past 1
" I was a popular student. " Popüler bir öğrenciydim.
Cümleden de anlaşılacağı üzere konuşan kişi geçmişte popüler bir öğrenci olduğundan bahsediyor. Bu cümlenin geçmiş zamanda söylendiğini " was " fiilinden anlıyoruz. Daha önceki makalelerimizde " to be - am , is , are / olmak " fiilinden bahsetmiştik. " To be " fiilini past tense kalıbında iki türlü kullanıyoruz :
1 " am ve is " fiilinin past formu :
was / vaz, vız /
2 " are " fiilinin past formu :
were / vö:r /
Öznelerde kullanımı :
I was / he was / she was / it was
You were / they were / we were
Örnekler :
was
1 He was a popular student.
2 William Wallece was a Scotish hero. He was the leader of his society.
3 William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright. Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford. Shakespeare was a respected poet and playwright in his own day.
Were
1 His early plays were mainly comedies and histories.
2 They were famous for being champion in Super League for 4 times in a row.
3 Were they there ?
4 Who were the people over there ?
Negative
wasn't ( was not ), weren't ( were not )
He wasn't right.
The city was beautiful but it wasn't very big.
They weren't right.
She wasn't in the school yesterday.
They weren't in the school yesterday.
We weren't at home.
Clara and her sister weren't here a moment ago.
Question ( ? )
İngilizcede soru yapma kurallarından belki de en önemlisi yardımcı fiili başa getirmektir:
Mesela önce genel bir ifade ile soralım :
Is he a robber ? / O hırsız mı ( soyguncu mu )
Şimdi bunu Past Tense'de soralım :
Was he a robber ?
Were they famous ?
Wh soru kelimelerini ( when, where, why, what gibi ) kullanarak :
Where were you born ?
Why were you so sad yesterday ?
Past 2
Düzenli ( regular ) fiilleri kullanarak geçmişteki aksiyon, durum ve genel doğruları ( general truths ) ifade ederiz.
I called Jane yesterday.
Örnektede görüldüğü gibi fiil -ed eki getirilerek Past yapıldı. İngilizcede düzenli fiillere fiilin yapısına göre -d -ed ve ied getirerek geçmiş zaman formu yaparız.
Sonu sesli harf ile bitiyorsa -d ;
love-d / sevdi,(-sevdim, sevdin, sevdik, sevdiniz,sevdiler)
hate-d
like-d
die-d
believe-d
live-d
dance-d
Sonuna -ed gelen fiiller :
finish-ed
talk-ed
wash-ed
watch-ed
brush-ed
enjoy-ed
call-ed
learn-ed
stay-ed
play-ed
Aşağıdaki kelimeler de -ed ile past yapılır ancak okunuşları -ıd olarak değişir. Sebebi de sonlarındaki kelimelerin sert oluşlarındandır. Bu Kelimelerin sayısı fazla değildir :
start-ed / startıd /
plant-ed / plentıd /
shout-ed / şautıd /
visit-ed / vizitıd/
-ed ile past tense yapılan ancak çift sessiz ile biten fiiller :
stop-ped
prefer-red
beg- begged
Sonu -y ile biten fiiller -ied getirilerek past yapılıyor :
copy-copied
cry-cried
try-tried
carry-carried
dry-dried
fry-fried
bury-burried
Kelimelerin cümle içinde kullanımları :
Bildiğimiz bütün öznelerde ( I -you-we-he-she-they ) past tense fiil kullanımı aynıdır.
I called Jane yesterday.( positive )
I brushed my teeth twice yesterday ( positive )
He brushed his teeth.
The police stopped our car because of exceeding the speed limit.
She worked in a shop.
We cried when we finished our ceremony.
Negative / Didn't
Past tense cümleleri olumsuz yaparken yine bütün öznelerde aynı olan " didn't " ekini kullanıyoruz. Dikkat edilecek en önemli konu, didn't kullanıldığından fiil -d yada -ed ile kullanılmaz. Yani, past ifade bir defa o da olumsuzluk ekinde kullanılıyor.
I didn't stay at home yesterday.
She didn't help her friend.
I didn't walk to school because I was so tired.
We didn't finish our job so that the boss got very angry.
He didn't enjoy the film.
Question ( ?)
Did you finish your homework ?
Did she stay at home ?
Yine soru yapıldığında fiil yalın hali ile kullanıldı.
Past 3
Düzensiz ( irregular ) fiiller.
İngilizcede belkide öğrenenleri en fazla zorlayan kelimelerdir. Bu kelimeler, kendi yalın halinin dışında farklı bir şekle büründüklerinden okunması ve ezberlenmesi zor gibi görünmektedir. Ancak normal Intermediate seviyede Irregular Verb sayısı 100' ü geçmemekte. Bu dersin videosunda bunların bir kısmını göreceğiz. Diğer bölümler ise conquerenglish.com intermediate sayfasında. Şimdi esas fiillerin 2. hallerini görelim.
be - was, were / olmak, var olmak, bulunmak
become - became / olmak , haline gelmek
begin - began
break - broke
bring - brought
buy - bought
come -came
catch- caught
do - did
eat - ate
fall- fell
forgive- forgave
get - got
give -gave
go -went
have- had
hear- heard
know- knew
leave- left
make -made
pay -paid
put - put
say - said
tell- told
think- thought
understand- understood
Cümle kullanımları :
Irregular fiillerle cümle yaparken yine fiiller bütün öznelerde aynı kullanılır, değişmez
I made a cake yesterday.
I didn't make a cake yesterday.
Did you make a cake ?
Did you get up early yesterday ?
You didn't sing a song.
He told his new opinion to his brother .
Past 4
Zaman Kavramları :
ago - önce
He came 5 minutes ago.
yesterday / dün
He got up late yesterday. Dün geç kalktı.
at / de- da
He ate his lunch at 1.00.
in / de-da, içinde
He lived in İzmir in 1990.
He came to İzmir in June.
on / günlerde
He came here on Monday.
last / geçen
He went to Spain last summer./ year / week
